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Breed Predisposition to Developing Canine Hip Dysplasia
Canine hip dysplasia is a common developmental disorder of the hip joints. The femur (the large bone of the upper leg) does not fir properly into the hip socket, which eventually leads to arthritis. The signs associated with hip dyspplasia vary. Lameness may be mild, moderate or severe, and is worse after exercise. Both medical and surgical treatments are available. The outlook for recovery varies greatly and depends on the overall health, degree of dysplasia and joint damage.
Puppies at high risk for developing hip dysplasia, as determined by orthopedic examination and x-rays (PennHIP University of Pennsylvani Hip Improvement Program), can receive Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS) surgery. It is recommended that the surgery be performed between 12-18 weeks. By 24 weeks, the "window of opportunity" has closed. By performing JPS, it is possible to slow or stop the development of osteoarthritis in dogs with hip dysplasia.
The advantages of knowing which breeds of dogs are at increased risk for canine hip dysplasis are evident. The information can help practitioners during their evaluation of young dogs with skeletal disorders by providing differential diagnoses. It can heighten awareness among breed club members, helping them make decisions about how to spend their foundation dollars, and it can lead to more emphasis being placed on methods to diagnose and genetically screen for the disease in that breed before animals are bred and genes are recycled to the gene pool.
Breeds at Risk for Canine Hip Dysplasia
| Risk Factor |
Breed |
No. of Cases |
Controls |
Odds Ratio* |
95% Confidence Interval |
|
| Canine Hip Dysplasia |
|
Total† |
10,637 |
10,637 |
|
|
|
Airedale terrier |
94 |
38 |
3.9 |
2.7–5.5 |
|
Alaskan malamute |
98 |
54 |
2.8 |
2.1–3.9 |
|
Bearded collie |
10 |
5 |
3.1 |
1.1–8.7 |
|
Bernese mountain dog |
55 |
12 |
7.2 |
4.2–12.3 |
|
Bloodhound |
20 |
7 |
4.5 |
2.0–9.9 |
|
Border collie |
58 |
43 |
2.1 |
1.4–3.1 |
|
Bouvier des Flandres |
76 |
29 |
4.1 |
2.8–6.1 |
|
Brittany spaniel |
95 |
88 |
1.7 |
1.3–2.3 |
|
Bulldog |
99 |
85 |
1.8 |
1.4–2.5 |
|
Bullmastiff |
51 |
23 |
3.5 |
2.2–5.6 |
|
Chesapeake Bay retriever |
85 |
30 |
4.4 |
3.0–6.5 |
|
Chow chow |
235 |
68 |
5.4 |
4.2–7.0 |
|
English springer spaniel |
130 |
144 |
1.4 |
1.1–1.8 |
|
German shepherd dog |
1,625 |
451 |
5.7 |
5.0–6.3 |
|
German wirehaired pointer |
27 |
6 |
7.1 |
3.3–15.1 |
|
Giant schnauzer |
21 |
11 |
3.0 |
1.5–6.0 |
|
Golden retriever |
1,193 |
560 |
3.3 |
3.0–3.8 |
|
Gordon setter |
53 |
41 |
2.0 |
1.4–3.0 |
|
Great Dane |
89 |
89 |
1.6 |
1.2–2.1 |
|
Great Pyrenees |
34 |
16 |
3.3 |
1.9–5.9 |
|
Keeshond |
39 |
35 |
1.8 |
1.1–2.8 |
|
Kuvasz |
26 |
4 |
10.2 |
4.3–23.9 |
|
Labrador retriever |
1,565 |
718 |
3.4 |
3.1–3.8 |
|
Mastiff |
52 |
23 |
3.5 |
2.2–5.6 |
|
Neapolitan Mastiff |
12 |
4 |
4.7 |
1.7–13.2 |
|
Newfoundland |
232 |
47 |
7.7 |
5.9–10.2 |
|
Norwegian elkhound |
47 |
32 |
2.3 |
1.5–3.6 |
|
Old English sheepdog |
168 |
51 |
5.2 |
3.9–6.9 |
|
Pointer |
31 |
20 |
2.4 |
1.4–4.2 |
|
Portuguese water dog |
14 |
7 |
3.1 |
1.3–7.4 |
|
Rottweiler |
843 |
205 |
6.5 |
5.5–7.5 |
|
Saint Bernard |
113 |
29 |
6.1 |
4.2–8.8 |
|
Samoyed |
171 |
60 |
4.5 |
3.4–5.9 |
|
Treeing Walker coonhound |
14 |
7 |
3.1 |
1.3–7.4 |
|
Mixed-breed dog† |
1,582 |
2,480 |
1.0 |
|
| * Only statistically significant ORs are
included in the Table. |
| † Because only statistically significant ORs are included in the
Table, the sum of cases for each disease is not necessarily equal to the
total. |
|
References:
1. Breed Susceptibility for Developmental Orthopedic Diseases in Dogs
Elizabeth LaFond, DVM, Diplomate ACVS, Gert J. Breur, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVS 'and Connie C. Austin, MPH, PhD
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Canine Musculoskeletal Diseases and Disorders
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