CITES does not regulate trade in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulates) and the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)) which are commonly bred in captivity.
Most Appendix I parrot species are also listed as "endangered" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and are prohibited from both interstate and international trade. In addition, the U.S. Lacey Act as amended in 1981, makes it illegal to import species that are protected from trade in their country of origin.
U.S. import regulations also require a 30-day quarantine of all parrot species at government-approved stations to screen for health problems and to protect native birds and poultry from 2 very contagious diseases: psittacosis and exotic Newcastle disease (VVND).
In 1992, the U.S. government adopted the Wild Bird Conservation Act, which prohibits the commercial import of almost all wild parrots for their pet trade, except from countries which approved management and conservation programs, and from approved captive breeding facilities.
Since passage of the Wild Bird Conservation Act, U.S. imports of parrots decreased substantially. Non-CITES bird species dominate the import trade. In the past, the vast majority of parrots imported in the United States came from wild populations. Depending on the species, mortality suffered during capture, transit and quarantine can range from 5 to 80 percent. Because large parrots such as macaws and cockatoos do not produce large number of offsprings and cannot rebuild their wild populations quickly, excessive trade for some species has been devastating. In addition, many of the most sought after species are also the most threatened. Many parrot species are naturally rare in the wild and are especially vulnerable to excessive capture for trade.
The illicit trade in parrots involves both smuggling and laundering or falsification of shipping documents. Sometimes smuggled out of countries like Australia, Brazil, or Ghana that restrict their export, parrots are brought into nearby trade centers, such as Singapore, Argentina, or the Ivory Coast where export is allowed and where falsified permits can sometimes be obtained.
Nearly 29% of the world's parrot species are listed by the IUCN (The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (The World Conservation Union), the world's largest and most important conservation network) as threatened with extinction (Critical, Endangered or Vulnerable categories), making this one of the most threatened families of birds. Nearly half of the threatened parrot species are affected by trade compared with only 13% of traded finches.
Most parrots are threatened by a combination of trade and habitat destruction.
Endangered Parrots - CITES APPENDIX I List
| Common Name (Inverse) | Scientific Name | Distribution | IUCN Red List Status |
| Blue-chested Parakeet | Pyrrhura cruentata | Brazil | Vulnerable |
| Blue-throated Macaw | Ara glaucogularis | Bolivia | Critically Endangered |
| Cuban Parrot | Amazona leucocephala | Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba | Near Threatened |
| Forbes's Parakeet | Cyanoramphus forbesi | New Zealand | Endangered |
| Glaucous Macaw | Anodorhynchus glaucus | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | Critically Endangered |
| Goffin's Cockatoo | Cacatua goffini | Indonesia, Solomon Islands | Near Threatened |
| Golden Parakeet | Guaruba guarouba | Brazil | Endangered |
| Great Green Macaw | Ara ambigua | Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Endangered |
| Horned Parakeet | Eunymphicus cornutus | New Caledonia | Endangered |
| Hyacinth Macaw | Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus | Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay | Endangered |
| Kakapo | Strigops habroptila | New Zealand | Critically Endangered |
| Lear's Macaw | Anodorhynchus leari | Brazil | Critically Endangered |
| Lilac-crowned Amazon | Amazona finschi | Mexico | Vulnerable |
| Maroon-fronted Parrot | Rhynchopsitta terrisi | Mexico | Vulnerable |
| Mauritius Parakeet | Psittacula eques | Mauritius, Réunion | Critically Endangered |
| Military Macaw | Ara militaris | Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela | Vulnerable |
| Night Parrot | Geopsittacus occidentalis | Australia | Critically Endangered |
| Orange-bellied Parrot | Neophema chrysogaster | Australia | Critically Endangered |
| Philippine Cockatoo | Cacatua haematuropygia | Philippine Islands | Critically Endangered |
| Puerto Rican Parrot | Amazona vittata | Puerto Rico | Critically Endangered |
| Red-And-Blue Lory | Eos histrio | Indonesia | Endangered |
| Red-browed Amazon | Amazona rhodocorytha | Brazil | Endangered |
| Red-fronted Macaw | Ara rubrogenys | Bolivia | Endangered |
| Red-fronted Parakeet | Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae | Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island | Vulnerable |
| Red-necked Parrot | Amazona arausiaca | Dominica | Vulnerable |
| Red-spectacled Amazon | Amazona pretrei | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay | Vulnerable |
| Red-tailed Amazon | Amazona brasiliensis | Brazil | Vulnerable |
| Salmon-crested Cockatoo | Cacatua moluccensis | Indonesia , Singapore | Vulnerable |
| Spix's Macaw | Cyanopsitta spixii | Brazil | Critically Endangered |
| St Lucia Parrot | Amazona versicolor | Saint Lucia | Vulnerable |
| St Vincent Parrot | Amazona guildingii | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Vulnerable |
| Thick-billed Parrot | Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha | Mexico, United States (re-introduced) | Endangered |
| Tucaman Parrot | Amazona tucumana | Argentina, Bolivia | Near Threatened |
| Ultramarine Lorikeet | Vini ultramarina | French Polynesia | Endangered |
| Vinaceous Amazon | Amazona vinacea | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay | Vulnerable |
| Yellow-crested Cockatoo | Cacatua sulphurea | Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Singapore, Timor-Leste | Critically Endangered |
| Yellow-eared Parrot | Ognorhynchus icterotis | Colombia, Ecuador | Critically Endangered |
| Yellow-shouldered Amazon | Amazona barbadensis | Aruba (RE), Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela | Vulnerable |
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED A species is Critically Endangered the best available evidence indicates that it is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
ENDANGERED A species is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it is considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
VULNERABLE A species is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it is considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NEAR THREATENED A species is Near Threatened when it does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.
References:
1. Conservation of Exploited Species By John D. Reynolds
2. International Wildlife Trade: A Cites Sourcebook By Ginette Hemley
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