Acanthosis Nigricans
This is a rare disease of unknown cause seen exclusively in Dachshunds. It begins with subtle symmetrical hyperpigmentation in the armpits. The early lesions then progress slowly to hair loss. Greasy, smelly debris accumilate in more severely affected dogs. The abdomen, groin, chest, anal area, forelimbs and hock may all be involved.
The term "acanthosis nigricans" also has been used generically to describe clicnical cutaneous reaction pattern which is characterized by visually similar lesions and is seen in a variety of different breeds. Acanthosis nigricans is similar to chronic hyperplastic dermatitis, particularly due to allergy, but may be less inflamed.
Diagnosis A careful history and physical examination is performed to identify an underlying cause. Skin scrapings are performed to rule out demodicosis, especially in young dogs. Impression smears are useful to identify bacterial and Malassezia infections.
Affected animals should not be bred in order to avoid possible propagation of the defect, in the event that there is an inheritable basis.
Treatment Primary acanthosis nigricans in Dachshunds is not curable. Early cases may respond to shampoo therapy and local topical glucocorticoids, for example, betamethasone valerate ointment. As lesions progress, more aggressive systemic therapy may be useful. In secondary acanthosis nigricans, the lesions will spontaneously resolve after identification and correction of the underlying cause. However, this will not occur if secondary bacterial and yeast pyodermas are not treated appropriately.
Vitamin E has been sucessfully used in the treatment of a variety of skin diseases including discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Vitamin E is rarely sucessful alone in the management of these conditions, but offers a relatively-nontoxic aid to therapy.
References:
1. Owner's Guide to Dog Health Lowell Ackerman
2. Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat by Peter J. Ihrke, Emily J. Walder, Verena K. Affolter, and Thelma Lee Gross
3. Acanthosis Nigricans: Introduction - The Merck Veterinary Manual
Go Pets America recommends seeking the advice of your local veterinarian for the most appropriate vaccination program and for the diagnosis and treatment of your pet's health problems. For vaccination requirements please contact your state and local licensing authorities.
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