Bursitis in Dogs

Bursitis is a condition when bursae become inflamed or infected.

Bursae are sacklike cavities filled with a thick fluid and surrounded by a fibrous covering. They serve to reduce friction between tendons and over bones. There are two types of bursae: true bursae, which are present at birth and are found between bone and tendon; and false bursae, called hygromas, which develop as a result of trauma and are found over bony prominence under the skin. The condition is called bursitis when either of these types becomes inflamed or infected.

The cause of bursitis is trauma or injury, which may be complicated by bacterial infection. Hygromas are seen mostly over the elbow area in large breeds of dogs and are caused by mild, continual trauma to this area from the weight of the dog, usually as a result of lying on hard surfaces.

SIGNS
There may be local swelling and pain, particularly after exercise, in the area of the affected bursa. Hygromas are readily visible and are seen most often in the elbow area, but may occur over any bony prominence. Initially, they are small, soft swelling, but in time they can become large and hard. Sometimes, hygromas and bursae become infected, rupture, and drain.

DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis of bursitis is made by the symptoms and a physical examination; and in the case of hygromas, by observation. if infection is present, a culture and sensitivity test of the discharge may be needed to identify the bacteria and determine the most effective antibiotic for treatment.

TREATMENT
True bursitis usually responds to rest. Some cases require anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids to reduce the swelling and pain. Antibiotics will be required if infection is present.

Hygromas are more difficult to treat, but fortunately most can be left alone, unless they are causing pain, increasing in size, or are infected. Small hygromas respond well to surgical drainage, but larger ones may require surgical removal. Unfortunately, hygromas tend to recur in heavy dogs, and wound healing is often a problem after surgical removal because of the continuing trauma to the area from the weight of the dog. Good nursing care is essential. Soft bedding and weight reduction, is the dog is overweight, are helpful preventives.

Go Pets America recommends seeking the advice of your local veterinarian for the most appropriate vaccination program and for the diagnosis and treatment of your pet's health problems. For vaccination requirements please contact your state and local licensing authorities.