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Breed Predisposition to Developmental Orthopedic Diseases
A large-scale epidemiological study was conducted to determine breeds at risk for 12 developmental orthopedic diseases (DODs). Developmental orthopedic diseases investigated included canine hip dysplasia (CHD); craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO); fragmented coronoid process; hypertrophic osteodystrophy; Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease; osteochondrosis of the medial humeral condyle, caudal humeral head, femoral condyles, and talar trochlear ridges; panosteitis; patella luxation; and ununited anconeal process. Developmental orthopedic diseases (DODs) are a group of diseases that cause skeletal abnormalities in young, growing dogs.1–12 The etiology of most of the DODs is considered to be multifactorial, attributable to both genetic and environmental factors.
The advantages of knowing which breeds of dogs are at increased risk for DODs are evident. The information can help practitioners during their evaluation of young dogs with skeletal disorders by providing differential diagnoses. It can heighten awareness among breed club members, helping them make decisions about how to spend their foundation dollars, and it can lead to more emphasis being placed on methods to diagnose and genetically screen for the disease in that breed before animals are bred and genes are recycled to the gene pool.
Summary of Breeds at Increased Risk for Developmental Orthopedic
Diseases (DOD)
| Disease |
Breeds at Increased Risk for Specific DODs |
|
CHD
canine hip dysplasia
|
Airedale terrier, Alaskan malamute, bearded collie, Bernese mountain
dog, bloodhound, border collie, Bouvier des Flandres, briard, Brittany spaniel,
bulldog, bullmastiff, Chesapeake Bay retriever,14 chow chow,
English springer spaniel, German shepherd
dog, German wirehaired pointer,
giant schnauzer, golden
retriever, Gordon setter, Great
Dane, Great Pyrenees, keeshond, Kuvasz, Labrador
retriever, mastiff, Neapolitan mastiff,
Newfoundland, Norwegian elkhound, Old
English sheepdog, pointer, Portuguese water dog,
rottweiler, Saint
Bernard,
Samoyed, Treeing Walker coonhound |
|
CMO
craniomandibular osteopathy |
Cairn terrier, Scottish
terrier, West Highland white
terrier |
|
FCP
fragmented coronoid process |
Basset hound, Bernese mountain dog, Bouvier des Flandres, bullmastiff, chow
chow, German shepherd dog, golden retriever, Gordon setter, Irish wolfhound,
Labrador retriever, mastiff, Newfoundland, rottweiler, Saint Bernard |
|
HOD
hypertrophic osteodystrophy |
Boxer, Chesapeake Bay retriever, German shepherd dog,
golden retriever, Great Dane, Irish
setter, Labrador retriever, Weimaraner |
|
LCP
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease |
Australian shepherd, Cairn terrier, Chihuahua, dachshund, Lhasa apso,
miniature pinscher, pug, toy poodle, West Highland white
terrier, Yorkshire terrier |
|
OCD Elbow
osteochondrosis of the elbow
|
Chow chow, German shepherd dog, golden retriever,11 Great
Dane, Labrador retriever, Newfoundland,
rottweiler |
|
OCD Shoulder
osteochondrosis of the shoulder
|
Bernese mountain dog, border collie, Bouvier des
Flandres, boxer, bullmastiff, Chesapeake Bay retriever, dalmatian, English
setter, German shorthaired pointer, German
shepherd dog, German wirehaired pointer, golden retriever,11
Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Irish wolfhound, Kuvasz,
Labrador retriever, mastiff, Munsterlander, Newfoundland,
Old English sheepdog, rottweiler, Saint
Bernard, standard poodle |
|
OCD Stifle
osteochondrosis of the stifle
|
Boxer, bulldog, German shepherd dog, golden retriever, Great
Dane, Irish wolfhound, Labrador retriever, mastiff,
rottweiler |
|
OCD Tarsus
osteochondrosis of
the talar trochlear ridges |
Labrador retriever, rottweiler,
bullmastiff |
|
| Panosteitis
|
Afghan hound, Akita, American cocker spaniel, American Staffordshire
terrier, basset hound, bearded collie, Bernese mountain dog, boxer, bull
terrier, bulldog, Chesapeake Bay retriever, Chinese shar pei, chow chow,
dalmatian, Doberman pinscher, English setter, English springer spaniel, giant
schnauzer, German shepherd dog, German shorthaired pointer, golden retriever,
Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, Irish wolfhound, Labrador retriever, mastiff,
Neapolitan mastiff, Newfoundland, Rhodesian ridgeback, rottweiler, Saint
Bernard, shih tzu, Weimaraner, West Highland white terrier |
|
PL
patella luxation |
Akita, American cocker spaniel, Australian terrier, basset hound, bichon
frise, Boston terrier, bulldog, Cairn terrier, Cavalier King
Charles spaniel, Chihuahua, Chinese shar pei, chow chow,
flat-coated retriever, Great Pyrenees, Japanese chin, keeshond, Lhasa apso,
Maltese, miniature pinscher, miniature poodle,
papillon, Pekingese, Pomeranian, pug, shih tzu, Silky
terrier, standard poodle, toy fox terrier, toy poodle, West Highland white
terrier, wirehaired fox terrier, Yorkshire
terrier |
|
UAP
ununited anconeal
process |
Basset hound, Bernese mountain dog, Chinese shar pei, chow chow, English
setter, German shepherd dog, golden retriever, Labrador retriever, mastiff,
Newfoundland, Pomeranian, rottweiler, Saint Bernard |
|
| * Identified by statistically significantly
increased odds ratios using data in the current study and information previously
presented in the literature. |
|
Sources:
1. Breed Susceptibility for Developmental Orthopedic Diseases in Dogs
Elizabeth LaFond, DVM, Diplomate ACVS, Gert J. Breur, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVS and Connie C. Austin, MPH, PhD
Go Pets America recommends seeking the advice of your local veterinarian for the most appropriate vaccination program and for the diagnosis and treatment of your pet's health problems. For vaccination requirements please contact your state and local licensing authorities.
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