Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. An aneurysm that grows and becomes large enough can burst, causing dangerous, often fatal, bleeding inside the body. Aneurysms also can occur in arteries in the brain, heart, intestine, neck, spleen, back of the knees and thighs, and in other parts of the body. If an aneurysm in the brain bursts, it causes a stroke.

Familial aortic aneurysm is an inherited life-threatening heart disorder in which the aorta enlarges until it eventually bursts or dissects. The aorta is the large artery that receives oxygen-rich blood from the heart. Arteries that branch from the aorta distribute blood to the rest of the body. Because it is difficult to diagnose victims often die young.

The slowly enlarging aorta does not cause any symptoms until it has reached a critical diameter. At that point, the aorta dissects or ruptures, both of which are life-threatening.

When found in time, aneurysms can usually be treated successfully with medicines or surgery. If an aortic aneurysm is found, the doctor may prescribe medicine to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure. This can reduce the risk of rupture. Large aortic aneurysms, if found in time, can often be repaired with surgery to replace the diseased portion of the aorta. The outlook is usually excellent.

Signs of Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

A thoracic (chest) aortic aneurysm may have no symptoms until the aneurysm begins to leak or grow. Signs or symptoms may include pain in the jaw, neck, upper back (or other part of the back), or chest, coughing, or trouble breathing.

Prevention of Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Many cases of ruptured aneurysm can be prevented with early diagnosis and medical treatment. Because aneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms, it is important to look for them in individuals who are at the highest risk.

References:
1. Aortic Aneurysm - University of Michigan Cardiac Surgery