Vitamin A-Responsive Dermatosis
Vitamin A-responsive dermatosis is not a systemic vitamin A deficiency but represents a local deficiency in the skin, a disorder of skin utilization, or a positive pharmacological effect of high doses on the skin. Cocker Spaniels have the highest incidence although a similar condition has been reported in Labrador Retriever, Miniature Schnauzer, and Chinese Shar-pei.
Signs Clinical signs are usually present by 2 to 3 years of age and are very similar to those seen in primary idiopathic seborrhea. Clinical signs include recurrent scaling, a dry hair coat with easy epilation, and prominent comedones. Plaques are most prominent on the chest and abdomen. Ear infections are common and itchiness is variable.
Diagnosis The early age of onset of skin scaling with plaques in a Cocker Spaniel is usually a reason to suspect a clinical diagnosis of Vitamin A-responsive dermatosis.
A preliminary diagnosis is made from skin biopsy findings. However, even with the classic clinical findings, a definitive diagnosis can be confirmed only by the response to supplementation with vitamin A alcohol.
Treatment Vitamin A alcohol is recommended for the life of the patient. Improvement is seen within 4 to 6 weeks. Complete remission is obtained by 10 weeks of treatment and is well-tolerated in dogs with no significant side effects. Medicated shampoos containing benzoyl peroxide (oxyDex, Sulf OxyDex, Pyoben) have excellent follicular flushing activity. Twice to three times weekly usage helps remove keratinous debris from follicles and hastens recovery.
For More Information
1. Scott, Miller, Griffin. Small Animal Dermatology, 5th ed., Philadelphia, WB Saunders
2. Nesbitt & Ackerman. Canine & Feline Dermatology, 1st ed., New Jersey, Veterinary Learning Systems
Go Pets America recommends seeking the advice of your local veterinarian for the most appropriate vaccination program and for the diagnosis and treatment of your pet's health problems. For vaccination requirements please contact your state and local licensing authorities.
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